What really happens after Ukraine strikes a Russian oil refinery? Meduza analyzed unique satellite data to assess the damage.

Ukraine continues to attack Russian refineries. Sometimes drone strikes don’t have significant consequences; other times, production has to be halted for months. It’s hard to assess the campaign’s overall effectiveness: authorities don’t disclose information about the condition of refineries, and one can only rely on indirect data. The most important of these are exchange trading in petroleum products and reports from industry sources. But Meduza gained access to another analytical tool:…