Turkey has deported Russian activist Ariadna Litvinova back to Russia, where she faces criminal charges for anti-war messages on pro-military displays. Her case, reclassified under Russia’s “discrediting the army” law, is seen by rights lawyers as a precedent for using deportation rather than extradition against Kremlin critics abroad. Human rights advocates warn such practices are part of a wider pattern of transnational repression targeting Russian anti-war exiles.