Penalty shootouts are soccer’s most brutal tests. What are the best strategies for attackers, goalkeepers and coaches?

The crowd roars in nervous anticipation. Nearly 90,000 fans pack the stadium, while 1.5 billion watch around the world. We could be talking about Germany’s (or Netherlands’) shock elimination from this year’s World Cup… But it’s 2022, Qatar: the World Cup final. Despite an incredible hat-trick from France’s Kylian Mbappé and two goals from Argentina’s Lionel Messi, the match ends in a draw. The world champion will be decided by penalty shoot-out. When a match goes to a penalty shootout,…