How a Korean immigrant’s English struggle helped deaf users make phone calls

When Joseph Lee moved from Korea to the United States in the late 1980s, ordinary phone calls were among the hardest parts of daily life. Still learning English, Lee relied on closed captions to understand movies and television. But phone calls offered no such help. Before important calls, he would write down what he wanted to say and sometimes fax it in advance so he could follow the conversation more easily. The experience stayed with him. Years later, it became the basis for InnoCaption, a Ca