Mediators in both the Iran and Ukraine wars have struggled to achieve meaningful ceasefires. Although the US and Iran reached an initial two-week truce on April 7, brokered by Pakistan, the agreement has been fragile from the beginning. By May 11, Donald Trump had declared that the ceasefire was “on massive life support” and has threatened to resume military action on numerous occasions. Meanwhile, the latest temporary ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine from May 9 to 11 seemed over before it